X-Band Pulse EPR Spectrometer | EPR100

Relaxation Time Measurement

Spin relaxation properties reflect the processes of energy transfer and dissipation after spin centers absorb energy and transition to excited states. By measuring spin relaxation times, one can obtain extensive dynamic and structural information—a critical step in elucidating the chemical structure of materials and a key aspect of quantum computing research. Pulsed EPR typically measures the transverse relaxation time (T2, spin-spin relaxation) and the longitudinal relaxation time (T1, spin-lattice relaxation). In complex systems, differences in relaxation times among various paramagnetic centers can be exploited by designing appropriate pulse sequences to selectively acquire signals and eliminate interference.

Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation (ESEEM)

ESEEM is a technique used to study interactions between electrons and nuclei, primarily detecting weakly coupled hyperfine interactions and nuclear quadrupole interactions. By applying a Fourier transform to the acquired time-domain spectrum, a frequency-domain spectrum is obtained. The detected frequencies help identify the types of nuclei surrounding the electron, as well as the number of interacting nuclei.

Hyperfine Sublevel Correlation (HYSCORE)

HYSCORE is a two-dimensional spectrum of ESEEM, capable of resolving overlapping absorption peaks. HYSCORE experiments not only detect the Larmor frequencies of nuclei to identify their types but also provide hyperfine coupling information. This allows the differentiation of hyperfine interactions and enables selective nuclear detection.

Pulsed Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) System

Pulsed ENDOR is a dual-resonance technique that combines the high resolution and nuclear selectivity of nuclear magnetic resonance with the high sensitivity of electron paramagnetism. Using radio frequency (RF) pulses, NMR transitions are excited, which modulates the electron spin echo. By varying the RF frequency and monitoring the echo intensity, the experiment can selectively detect both weak and strong electron-nuclear couplings, providing local environmental information within a few angstroms around the electron spin. An optional ENDOR system includes components such as an ENDOR probe, RF source, and RF amplifier.

Double Electron-Electron Resonance (ELDOR/DEER) System

DEER investigates electron-electron interactions and is used to determine the distance between two paramagnetic centers. When combined with site-directed spin labeling (SDSL), DEER measures distances between spin-label sites on target molecules, allowing for the analysis of biomolecular structures and interactions. This technique is widely applied in structural biology and polymer science for distance measurements—such as protein-protein, protein–DNA interactions, substrate binding, and metal coordination sites. The optional DEER system employs two microwave channels at different frequencies to pulse-control the two electron spins independently, enabling pulsed DEER functionality.

Arbitrary Waveform Generator

An arbitrary waveform generator enables the output of microwave pulses with any desired shape. It allows flexible modifications of pulse amplitude, phase, frequency, and envelope, facilitating customizable and complex pulse experiments.

Time-Resolved/Transient EPR System (TR-EPR)

TR-EPR combines time-resolved techniques with paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, achieving time resolutions down to the nanosecond level. The system mainly includes a digital main controller, a high-energy pulsed laser for stable optical excitation, a laser energy meter for monitoring pulsed laser power, and a dielectric resonator for detecting EPR signals. TR-EPR is used to study transient species such as radicals or excited triplet states in fast reaction processes—detecting species with lifetimes in the microsecond-to-nanosecond range. This is critical for investigating radical reaction kinetics and bridges the gap in detecting short-lived species with traditional equipment.

Variable Temperature System (VT System) with Cryostat

Temperature variations directly affect electron spin states and dynamics, making temperature control essential for EPR studies. Covering a range from ultralow to high temperatures, different temperature regimes reveal various physical, chemical, and biological processes, providing researchers with insights into material properties and reaction mechanisms.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) + EPR System

AI EPR spectral analysis, applicable to 90% of samplvideoes

Automatic linking of literature databases

EPR Spectrometer Modernize

Modernize your aging EPR instrument to meet the rigorous demands of cutting-edge EPR research