CIQTEK EASY-H for Gas Storage Separation Materials Research

In recent years, hydrogen energy and carbon capture and utilization-related industries have received extensive attention and development, especially hydrogen storage and CO₂ capture and conversion and utilization-related industries. The research of H₂, CO₂, and other gas storage and separation materials is the key to promoting the development of related industries.

Recently, Prof. Cheng Xingxing's group at Shandong University synthesized biomass cellulose carbon aerogel with a three-dimensional network structure from Tetragonum officinale (TO) and further enhanced the energy storage performance of the carbon aerogel with KOH activation.TO cellulose carbon aerogel is characterized by its lightweight (3.65 mg/cm₃), superhydrophobicity, and large specific surface area (1840 cm₂/g). Due to the excellent microporous volume and abundant functional groups, TO carbon aerogel can be used as a multifunctional adsorbent material in different applications. The material possesses 0.6 wt% hydrogen storage capacity, 16 mmol/g CO₂ adsorption capacity, 123.31 mg/g o-xylene, and 124.57 mg/g o-dichlorobenzene adsorption capacity at room temperature. The low-cost, environmentally friendly, and multifunctional TO cellulose carbon aerogels are promising for various applications such as hydrogen storage, carbon sequestration, and dioxin removal. The study provides a new and effective approach for the sustainable design and fabrication of high-performance functional carbon materials from renewable biomass resources, which can be widely used in energy storage and environmental protection industries. The study is entitled "Multifunctional carbon aerogels from typha orientalis for applications in adsorption: Hydrogen storage, CO₂ capture, and VOCs removal". Removal" was published in the journal Energy.

The CIQTEK EASY-V product line was used in the study.

Schematic illustration for the fabrication procedure of TO cellulose carbon aerogels.

In addition, in the direction of gas separation materials research, Prof. Ren Xiuxiu's group at Changzhou University successfully prepared composite membranes for H₂ separation by doping two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), which is unique to H₂, into grafted microporous organosilica networks derived from 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) using the sol-gel method. The research results were published in the journal Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research under the title "Laminar MoS₂ Nanosheets Embedded into Organosilica Membranes for Efficient H₂ Separation. Due to their opposite ζ-potentials, the BTESE sols generated by the hydrolysis polymerization reaction and the MoS₂ nanosheets formed a continuous surface without lamellar boundary defects. With the increase of MoS₂ content, the H₂ transmittance of BTESE membranes showed an overall increasing trend in the range of 1.85 ~ 2.89 × 10^-7 mol·m^-2 s^-1 Pa^-1 (552 ~ 864 GPU), which was higher than that of the pristine H₂ transmittance of the BTESE membrane (491 GPU). In addition, the H₂/N₂ selectivity of the optimized MoS₂/BTESE membrane at 100 °C was 129, much higher than that of the pristine BTESE membrane of 17. These were attributed to the synergistic effect of BTESE and MoS₂ nanosheets. Through adsorption isotherm tests, diffusion coefficients and energy calculations, it was found that the incorporation of nonporous MoS₂ increased the density of the BTESE network, preventing the passage of N₂, while good adsorption on the charged edge of the MoS₂ promoted the adsorption of H₂, and thus both permeability and selectivity were correspondingly enhanced, resulting in the material's excellent H₂ separation capability.

Meanwhile, this approach also provides a novel mechanism for hydrogen separation.

Schematic principle of MoS₂/BTESE networks for gas separation.^[3]

CIQTEK High Pressure Gas Adsorption Characterization Technology

Shandong University: Gas Storage Applications

The hydrogen storage capacity of cellulose carbon aerogel (CA) is shown in the following (a) figure. It can be seen that the hydrogen storage capacity of CA was significantly increased after activation by KOH.The hydrogen storage capacities of CA-KOH1 and CA-KOH2 were similar, and both of them were 0.61 wt% at room temperature and 80 bar hydrogen pressure. The following (b) figure shows the Langmuir linear fit for hydrogen adsorption, and it can be seen that the R² is greater than 80%, which verifies the applicability of the Langmuir isotherm, and indicates that the hydrogen molecules above the boiling point of the adsorbent are physically adsorbed in a single layer on CA, and the specific surface area of the adsorbent is one of the important parameters influencing the performance of hydrogen adsorption. In addition, the material still shows a linear increasing trend at 80 Bar, which indicates that the surface coverage has not yet reached saturation.

(a)Hydrogen isotherm curves of activated CA at room temperature. (b)Hydrogen storage – Langmuir linear fitting curves.^[2]

The ability of CA materials to adsorb carbon dioxide at 25 °C and 30 Bar is shown below. With the increase of pressure, the adsorption capacity of the unKOH-activated CA material increased to 2.2 mmol/g and then remained unchanged. The KOH-activated CA-KOH2 sample had an adsorption capacity of 2.14 mmol/g at a low pressure of 0.5 bar, which could be increased to 16 mmol/g at a high pressure, which suggests that the KOH-activated biomass is an effective method for the development of high-quality CO2 adsorbent . The adsorption plateau was observed in all the samples except CA-KOH2, which indicated the saturation adsorption on the surface of the samples. Similarly, the linear fit of the Langmuir isotherm was above 95% as can be seen from the following (b) figure, which well verified the applicability of the Langmuir isotherm and demonstrated the monolayer adsorption characteristics of CO2 molecules on the adsorbent. Overall, the CO2 adsorption rates of these materials were much higher than those of other reported non-biomass materials (e.g., mesoporous carbon nitride, etc.), and the study demonstrated the practicality of waste biomass for CO2 capture.

(a)CO₂ isotherm curves of activated CA at room temperature. (b)CO₂ capture-Langmuir linear fitting curves.^[2]

Changzhou University: Gas Separation Applications

The adsorption capacities of organosilicon separation membranes, molybdenum disulfide nanosheets modified organosilicon separation membranes and pure molybdenum disulfide nanosheets for H₂ and N₂ are shown below. The adsorption capacity of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets for H₂ is more than 60 times that of N₂. This is due to the fact that the atoms at the edge of MoS₂ are usually in an unsaturated coordination state, and H₂ can be adsorbed as a result. The superior H₂ adsorption properties make MoS₂ suitable for storing H₂, but its diffusion coefficient is low, making it unsuitable for separating H₂ from N₂ or CO₂ alone. whereas BTESE with its microporous network exhibits a large diffusive difference between H₂ and N₂, but with a lower adsorption of H₂ than that of N₂. the incorporation of MoS₂ into the BTESE network resulted in a higher adsorption capacity and diffusion of H₂ than that of the original BTESE.As H₂ is adsorbed at the active edge of MoS₂, the neighboring atoms allow the hydrogen atoms to migrate to some inactive sites on the surface, and then transfer through the BTESE network, which leads to a significant enhancement of both the adsorption and diffusion capacities of H₂ in the composites. Meanwhile, the structure of BTESE with the introduction of MoS₂ is denser, which limits the adsorption capacity and diffusion capacity of the material for N₂. Therefore, the coordinated effect of MoS₂ and BTESE effectively realized the high H₂/N₂ separation performance of the composites.

H₂ and N₂ adsorption isotherms of (a)BTESE gels, (b)0.05 wt% MoS₂/BTESE gels, and (c)MoS₂ tested at 100 °C. ^[3]

CIQTEK High Temperature Hydrogen Storage Gas Adsorption Analyzer

EASY-H 1210 & 1420

High-temperature and high-pressure gas adsorption instrument can realize the adsorption capacity and separation capacity of materials for H2, CO2, N2, O2, CH4 and other gases under different temperatures and pressures, and can effectively characterize the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the materials and the relationship between the material adsorption and desorption temperatures and pressures, the amount of adsorption and desorption and adsorption and desorption selectivity of the materials such as the key adsorption and desorption of the material gas properties.

Product Features:

- Fully automatic software control

- Full range of test items (isotherm, kinetics, TPD, cycle test, etc.)

- Temperature range: room temperature-550 ℃, accuracy: ± 0.1 ℃ (optional low-temperature test system)

- Pressure range: vacuum-200 Bar, accuracy: 0.01 %FS (optional graded pressure testing system)

- Digital pressure acquisition, reduce noise error

- High integration and system accuracy, support for micro-sample (less than 100mg) measurement

- Substrate cavity temperature control, temperature control range: room temperature ~ 50 ℃, temperature control accuracy: ± 0.1 ℃

Scientific researches on CIQTEK Products

1. Catalytic mechanisms of nickel nanoparticles for the improved dehydriding kinetics of magnesium hydride. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys（2023）
2.  
3. Multifunctional carbon aerogels from typha orientalis for applications in adsorption: Hydrogen storage, CO₂capture and VOCs removal. Energy（2023）
4.  
5. Laminar MoS₂Nanosheets Embedded into Organosilica Membranes for Efficient H₂Separation. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research（2023）
6.  
7. Adsorption and diffusion behavior of two-component gases in coal particles at different temperatures. Fuel（2023）
8.  
9. Nanoscale microstructures and novel hydrogen storage performance of as cast V₄₇Fe₁₁Ti₃₀Cr₁₀RE₂(RE = La, Ce, Y, Sc) medium entropy alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds（2022）
10.  
11. Modeling of diffusion kinetics during gas adsorption in a coal seam with a dimensionless inversion method. Fuel（2022）
12.  
13. Migration behavior of two-component gases among CO₂, N₂and O₂ in coal particles during adsorption. Fuel（2022）
14.  
15. Carbon dioxide adsorption of two-dimensional Mo₂C MXene. Diamond & Related Materials（2022）
16.  
17. Design, synthesis, structure, and gas (CO₂, CH₄, and H₂) storage properties of porous imine-linkage organic compounds. Materials Science for Energy Technologies（2022）
18.  
19. Micron-/nano-scale hierarchical structures and hydrogen storage mechanisms in a cast vanadium-based multicomponent alloy. Nano Energy（2021）
20.  
21. Gases migration behavior of adsorption processes in coal particles: Density gradient model and its experimental validation. Process Safety and Environmental Protection（2021）
22.  
23. Theoretical model and numerical solution of gas desorption and flow mechanism in coal matrix based on free gas density gradient. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering（2021）
24.  
25. A permeability evolution model of coal particle from the perspective of adsorption deformation. Energy Science & Engineering（2021）
26.  
27. Synthesis and use of new porous metal complexes containing a fusidate moiety as gas storage media. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering（2021）
28.  
29. Modeling of Gas Transport Driven by Density Gradients of Free Gas within a Coal Matrix: Perspective of Isothermal Adsorption. Energy & Fuels（2020）
30.  
31. Time- and Pressure-Independent Gas Transport Behavior in a Coal Matrix: Model Development and Improvement. Energy & Fuels（2020）
32.  
33. Synthesis of Novel Heteroatom-Doped Porous-Organic Polymers as Environmentally Efficient Media for Carbon Dioxide Storage. Applied Sciences（2019）
34.  
35. Inversion of gas permeability coefficient of coal particle based on Darcy's permeation model. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering（2018）
36.  
37. Preparation of Ti₃C₂and Ti₂C MXenes by fluoride salts etching and methane adsorptive properties. Applied Surface Science（2017）
38.  
39. Layered double oxide/activated carbon-based composite adsorbent for elevated temperature H₂/CO₂separation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy（2015）